TNSPC Group - 1 Answers - Key

http://www.shankariasacademy.com/pdf/group1-answerkey-2010.pdf

TNSPC Group - 1 Answers - Key

http://www.shankariasacademy.com/pdf/group1-answerkey-2010.pdf

Chemistry Inventions

What Happened and When?

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  A Chronology of Notable Achievements

Democritus (465 BC)

First to conceive matter in the form of particles, which he called atoms.

Alchemists (about 1000-1650)

Attempted to (1) change lead and other base metals to gold; (2) discover a
universal solvent; and (3) discover a life-prolonging elixir. Used plant products and
arsenic compounds to treat diseases.

Boyle, Sir Robert (1637-1691)

Formulated fundamental gas laws. First to conceive the possibility of small
particles combining to form molecules; distinguished between compounds and mixtures;
studied air and water pressures, desalination, crystals and electrical phenomena.

Priestley, Joseph (1733-1804)

Discovered oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide.

Scheele, C.W. (1742-1786)

Discovered chlorine, tartaric acid, sensitivity of silver compounds to light
(photochemistry); and oxidation of metals.

Le Blanc, Nicholas (1742-1806)

Invented a process for making soda ash from sodium sulfate, limestone and coal.

Lavoisier, A.L. (1743-1794)

Discovered nitrogen; studied acids and described composition of many organic
compounds. Generally regarded as the father of chemistry.

Volta, A. (1745-1827)

Invented the electric battery, a series of "piles" or stacks of
alternating layers of silver and zinc, or copper and zinc, separated by paper soaked in
brine (electrolyte). See Activity (1).

Berthollet, C.L. (1748-1822)

Corrected Lavoiser’s theory of acids; discovered bleaching power of
chlorine; studied combining weights of atoms (stoichiometry).

Jenner, Edward (1749-1823)

Discoverer of vaccination for prevention of smallpox (1776).

Dalton, John (1766-1844)

The first great chemical theorist; proposed atomic theory (1807); stated law of
partial pressure of gases. His ideas led to laws of multiple proportions, constant
composition and conservation of mass.

Avogadro, A. (1776-1856)

Proposed principle that equal volumes of gases contain the same number of
molecules. The number (6.02 x 1023 for 22.41 litres of any gas) is a fundamental constant
that applies to all chemical units.

Davy, Sir Humphry (1778-1829)

Laid foundation of electrochemistry, studied electroysis of salts in water and
other electrochemical phenomena; isolated Na and K.

Gay-Lussac, J.L. (1778-1850)

Discovered boron and iodine, studied acids and bases and discovered indicators
(litmus); improved production method for H2SO4, did basic research on behavior of gases
versus temp and on the ratios of gas volumes in chemical reactions.

Berzelius J.J. (1779-1850)

Classified minerals chemically; discovered and isolated many elements (Se, Th,
Si, Ti, Zr); coined the terms isomer and catalyst; noted existence of radicals;
anticipated discovery of colloids.

Faraday, Michael (1791-1867)

Extended Davy’s work in electrochemistry. He developed theories of
electrical and mechanical energy, electrolysis, corrosion, batteries, and
electrometallurgy.

Wohler, F. (1800-1882)

First to synthesize an organic compound (urea, 1828) (a rearrangement reaction).
This discovery was the beginning of synthetic organic chemistry.

Goodyear, Charles (1800-1860)

Discovered vulcanization of rubber (1844) by sulphur, inorganic accelerator, and
heat. Hancock in England made a parallel discovery.

Liebig, J. von (1803-1873)

Fundamental investigation of plant life (photosynthesis) and soil chemistry;
first to propose use of fertilisers. Discovered chloroform and cyanogen compounds.

Graham, Thomas (1822-1869)

Studied diffusion of solutions through membranes; established principles of
colloid chemistry.

Pasteur, Louis (1822 - 1895)

(1) First to recognize infective bacteria as disease-causing agents; (2)
developed concept of immunochemistry; (3) initiated heat-sterilization of wine and milk
(pasteurization); (4) observed optical isomers (enantiomers) in tartaric acid.

Lister, Joseph (1827-1912)

Initiated use of antiseptics in surgery, e.g., phenols, carbolic acid, cresols.

Kekulé, A. (1829-1896)

Laid foundations of aromatic chemistry; conceived of four-valent carbon and
structure of benzene ring; predicted isomeric substitutions (ortho-, meta-, para-).

Nobel, Alfred (1833-1896)

Invented dynamite, smokeless powder, blasting gelatin. Established international
awards for achievements in chemistry, physics and medicine.

Mendeléev, D.I. (1834-1907)

Discovered periodicity of the elements and compiled the first Periodic Table.

Hyatt, J.W. (1837-1920)

Initiated plastics industry (1869) by invention of Celluloid (nitrocellulose
modified with camphor).

Perkin, Sir W.H. (1838-1907)

Synthesized first organic dye (mauveine, 1856) and first synthetic perfume
(coumarin). His work on dyes was continued and expanded by Hofmann in Germany.

Beilstein, F.K. (1838-1906)

Compiled Handbuchder organischen Chemie, a multi-volume compendium of properties
and reactions of organic chemicals.

Gibbs, Josiah W. (1839-1903)

Stated three principal laws of thermodynamics; expounded nature of entropy and
phase rule and the relation between chemical, electric and thermal energy.

Chardonnet, H. (1839-1924)

First to produce a synthetic fibre (nitrocellulose) with properties similar to
rayon.

Boltzmann, L. (1844-1906)

Developed kinetic theory of gases, their viscosity and diffusion properties are
summarized in Boltzmann’s Law.

Roentgen, W.K. (1845-1923)

Discovered x-radiation (1895). Awarded Nobel Prize in 1901.

Le Chatelier, H.L. (1850-1936)

Fundamental research on equilibrium reactions (Le Chatelier’s Law),
combustion of gases, and metallurgy of iron and steel.

Becquerel, H. (1851-1908)

Discovered radioactivity, deflection of electrons by magnetic fields and gamma
radiation. Nobel Prize 1903 (with the Curies).

Moisson, H. (1852- 907)

Developed electric furnace for making carbides and preparing pure metals;
isolated fluorine (1886). Nobel Prize 1906.

Fischer, Emil (1852-1919)

Basic research on sugars, purines, uric acid, enzymes, nitric acid, ammonia.
Pioneer work in sterochemistry. Nobel Prize 1902.

Thomson, Sir J.J. (1856-1940)

Research on cathode rays resulted in proof of existence of electrons (1896).
Nobel Prize 1906.

Arrhenius, Svante (1859 - 1927)

Fundamental research on rates of reaction versus temperature, expressed by the
Arrhenius equation; and on electrolytic dissociation. Nobel Prize 1903.

Hall, Charles Martin (1863-1914)

Invented method of aluminium manufacture by electrochemical reduction of alumina.
Parallel discovery by Heroult in France.

Baekeland, Leo H. (1863-1944)

Invented phenolformaldehyde plastic (1907), the first completely synthetic resin
(Bakelite).

Nernst, Walther Hermann (1864-1941)

Awarded Nobel Prize in 1920 for his work in thermochemistry, did basic research
in electrochemistry and thermodynamics.

Werner, A. (1866-1919)

Introduced concept of coordination theory of valence (complex chemistry). Nobel
Prize in 1913.

Curie, Marie (1867-1934)

Discovered and isolated radium; research on radioactivity of uranium. Nobel Prize
1903 (with Becquerel) in physics; in chemistry 1911.

Haber, F. (1868-1924)

Synthesized ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, the first industrial fixation of
atmospheric nitrogen (the process was further developed by Bosch). Nobel Prize 1918.

Rutherford, Sir Ernest (1871-1937)

First to prove radioactive decay of heavy elements and to carry out a
transmutation reaction (1919). Discovered half-life of radioactive elements. Nobel Prize
1908.

Lewis, Gilbert N. (1875-1946)

Proposed electron-pair theory of acids and bases; authority on thermodynamics.

Aston, F.W. (1877-1945)

Pioneer work on isotopes and their separation by mass spectrograph. Nobel Prize
1922.

Fischer, Hans (1881-1945)

Basic research on porphyrins, chlorophyll, carotene, synthesized hemin. Nobel
Prize 1930.

Langmuir, Irving (1881-1957)

Fundamental research on surface chemistry, monomolecular films, emulsion
chemistry. Also electric discharges in gases, cloud seeding, etc. Nobel Prize 1932.

Staudinger, Hermann (1881-1965)

Fundamental research on high-polymer structure, catalytic synthesis,
polymerization mechanisms, resulting eventually in development of stereospecific catalysts
by Ziegler and Natta (stereoregular polymers). Nobel Prize 1963.

Flemming, Sir Alexander (1881-1955)

Discovered penicillin (1928); initiated antibiotics. Nobel Prize 1945. The
science was developed in the U.S. by Selman A. Waksman.

Moseley, Henry G.J. (1887-1915)

discovered the relation between frequency of x-rays emitted by an element and its
atomic number, thus indicating the element’s true position in the Periodic Table.

Adams, Roger (1889-1971)

Noted educator and contributor to industrial research in catalysis and structural
analysis. Priestley Medal.

Midgley, Thomas (1889-1944)

Discovered tetraethyllead and antiknock treatment for gasoline (1921) and
fluorocarbon refrigerants early research on synthetic rubber.

Ipatieff, Vladimir N. (1890?-1952)

Basic research and development of catalytic alkylation and isomerisation of
hydrocarbons (with Herman Pines).

Banting, Sir Frederick (1891-1941)

Isolated the insulin molecule. Nobel Prize 1923.

Chadwick, Sir James (1891-1974)

Discovered the neutron (1932) Nobel Prize 1935.

Urey, Harold C. (1894-1981)

Discovered heavy isotope of hydrogen (deuterium). Nobel Prize 1934. A leader of
he Manhattan Project. Made original contributions to theories of he origin of the universe
and of life processes.

Carothers, Wallace (1896-1937)

Polymerization research resulting in synthesis of neoprene (polychloroprene) and
of nylon (polyamide).

Kistiakowsky, George B. (1900-1982)

Developed the detonating device used in first atomic bomb.

Heisenberg, W.K. (1901-1976)

Research in quantum mechanics resulting in development of the orbital theory of
chemical bonding. Stated Uncertainity Principle. Nobel Prize 1932.

Fermi, Enrico (1901-1954)

First to achieve a controlled nuclear fission reaction (1939); basic research on
subatomic particles. Nobel Prize 1938.

Lawrence, Ernest O. (1901-1958)

Invented the cyclotron in which first synthetic elements were created. Nobel
Prize 1939.

Libby, Wilard F. (1908-1980)

Developed radiocarbn dating technique based on carbon-14. Nobel Prize 1960.

Crick, F.H.C (1916- ) with Watson,
James D.

Elucidated structure of DNA molecule (1953) resulting in development of
gene-splicing (recombinant DNA) techniques.

Woodward, Robert W. (1917-1979)

Nobel Prize 1965 for his brilliant syntheses of such compounds as cholesterol,
quinine, chlorophyll and cobalamin.

Science Inventions First Discovered

No.	Question	Answer
01	The theory of relativity was propounded by	Albert Einstein
02	The principal metal used in manufacturing steel is	Iron
03	An alimeter is used for measuring	Altitude
04	Oology is the study of	Birds eggs
05	Radioactivity was discovered by	Henry Bacquerel
06	The metal used in storage batteries is	Lead
07	The instrument used to measure the relative humidity of air is	Hygrometer
08	Barometer was invented by	Torricelli
09	The unit of power is	Watt
10	Radium was discovered by	Marie and Pierrie Curie
11	The existence of isotopes was discovered by	Frederick Soddy
12	Dynamo was invented by	Michael Faraday
13	The nuclear reactor was invented by	Enrico Ferni
14	The law of gravitation was propounded by	Sir Isaac Newton
15	Crescograph was invented by	J.C.Bose
16	Crescograph is used to measure the	Rate of growth of a plant
17	Galileo’s first scientific discovery was	Pendulum
18	Microscope was invented by	Aaton Van Leewen Hock
19	The scientist who is known as father of modern biology is	Aristotle
20	The first person to see a cell under microscope was	Robert Hooke
21	The smallest flowering plant is	Worffia
22	The four blood groups were discovered by	Karl Landsteiner
23	Sodium was discovered by	Sir Humphry Davy
24	The atomic number of oxygen is	Eight
25	The basic building blocks of proteins are	Amino acids
26	The botanical name of the cotton plant is	Gossipium Hirsutum
27	An Electroscope is used to	Detect charges on a body
28	The unit of loudness is	Phon
29	An ammeter is used to measure	Electric current
30	Plant that eat insects are called	Insectivorous plants
31	Fruits that are formed without fertilization are called	Parthenocarpic
32	Plants that flower only once in their lifetime are called	Mono carpic
33	The botanical name for rice is	Oryza Sativa
34	Penicillin is obtained from	Mould
35	The largest tree in the world is	Seguoia Gigantica
36	Herpetology is the study of	Reptiles
37	Entomology is the study of	Insects
38	Ornithology is the study of	Birds
39	Ichtyology is the study of	Fishes
40	Osteology is the study of	Bones
41	The botanical name for brinjal is	Solanum melongenal
42	The botanical name for onion is	Allium Cepa
43	The study of sound is called	Acoustics
44	The study of heavenly bodies is called	Astronomy
45	The study of tissues is called	Histology
46	Electric Lamp was invented by	Thomas alva Edison
47	The fear of crowd is called	Ochlophobia
48	The fear of books is called	Bibliophobia
49	The fear of going to bed is called	Clinophobia
50	The symbol of gold is	Au
51	The symbol of sodium is	Na
52	The symbol of Sr stands for	Strontium
53	The symbol Rb stands for	Rubidium
54	The symbol Md stands for	Mendelevium
55	Calcium sulphate is commonly called	Plaster of Paris
56	Sodium carbonate is commonly called	Washing Soda
57	Sodium chloride is commonly known as	Common Salt
58	The chemical name of Chloroform is	Trichloromethane
59	The chemical name of baking powder is	Sodium bicarbonate
60	The chemical name of bleaching powder is	Calcium hypochlorite
61	The formula HCL stands for	Hydrochloric Acid
62	The formula H2SO4 stands for	Sulphuric Acid
63	The formula CHCI3 stands for	Trichloromethane
64	The formula H2O2 stands for	Hydrogen peroxide
65	A fungus which can only survive on other living organisms is called	Obligate Parasite
66	A plant which lives in the dark is called	Scotophyte
67	A plant adapted to live in dry places is called a	Xerophyte
68	A plant adapted for growth in water is called a	Hydrophyte
69	Bifocal lens was invented by	Benjamin Franklin
70	Cement was invented by	Joseph Aspdin
71	Laser was invented by	Dr.Charles H.Townes
72	Electromagnet was invented by	William Sturgeon
73	Rayon was invented by	Sir Joseph Swann
74	Thermostat is an instrument used for regulating	Constant temperature
75	The science of organic forms and structures is known as	Morphology
76	Phycology is the study of	Algae
77	Tata Institute of Fundamental Research was established in	1945
78	CSIR stands for	Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
79	ISRO stands for	Indian Space Research Organisation
80	The first human being to land on moon was	Neil Armstrong
81	The first Indian in space was	Rakesh Sharma
82	ISAC stands for	ISRO Satellite Centre
83	VSSC stands for	Vikram Sarabhai space Centre
84	The headquarters of ISRO is located at	Bangalore
85	VSSC is located at	Thiruvananthapuram
86	ISAC is located at	Bangalore
87	National Science Centre is located at	New Delhi
88	Central Tobacco Research Institute is located at	Rajahmundry
89	Indian Institute of Horticultural Research is located at	Bangalore
90	The Atomic Energy Commission was set up in	August 1948
91	The first Indian Satellite was	Aryabhatta
92	The first Indian Satellite was launched in the year	1975
93	ASLV stands for	Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
94	INSAT stands for	Indian National Satellite
95	The fear of women is known as	Gynophobia
96	The fear of men is known as	Androphobia
97	The scientist who developed the Quantum theory was	Max Plonck
98	The steam engine was invented by	James Watt
99	The botanical name of tea is	Camellia Sinensis
100	Logarithms were devised by	John Napier
101	The acid used in a car battery is	Sulphuric acid
102	The system for writing by blind people was invented by	Louis Braille
103	The parachute was used for the first time by	J.P.Blanchard
104	The German physicit who first demonstrated the existence of Radio waves was	Henrich Hertz
105	The instrument that records the intensity of earthquakes is	Seismograph
106	The laws of floating bodies was discovered by	Archimedes
107	The density of milk is measured by a	Lactometer
108	Fountain pen was invented by	L.E.Waterman
109	The instrument used to measure the pressure of gases is the	Monometer
110	Bhaskara I was a famous	Astronomer
111	The first atomic power station established in India was the	Tarapore Atomic Power Station
112	The role of heredity was demonstrated by	Mendel
113	The instrument used to measure the concentration of salt water is the	Salinometer
114	Spectroscopy is the study of	Anders John Angstrom
115	Dactylography is the study of	Finger Prints
116	A tangent galvanometer is used to study the	Strength of direct current
117	The fruit of Oak is called	Acron
118	ZETA stands for	Zero Energy Thermonuclear Assembly
119	The formula C6H5OH stands for	Phenol
120	Michael Faraday worked as an assistant under another scientist whose name was	Sir Humphry Davy
121	Vulcanised rubber was invented by	Charles Goodyear
122	The symbol Zn stands for	Zinc
123	The symbol He stands for	Helium
124	Celluloid was invented by	A.Parker
125	Glider was invented by	Sir George Caley
126	Safety matches was invented by	J.E.Lundstrom
127	Radio valve was invented by	Sir J.A.Fleming
128	Space Applications Centre is located at	Ahmedabad
129	Atomic Energy Commission is located at	Mumbai
130	Dynamics is the study of	Movements of bodies
131	Statics is the study of	Forces acting on bodies at rest
132	Mechanics is the study of	Forces acting on bodies
133	Zoology is the study of	Animal life
134	Botany is the study of	Plant life
135	Psychology is the study of	Human mind
136	The first American to orbit earth was	John H.Glen
137	The electro-cardiograph was invented by	William Einthoven
138	The molecular formula of cane sugar is	C12H22O11
139	A compound which contains only hydrogen and Carbon is called a	Hydrocarbon
140	The liquid used to preserve specimens of plans and animals is	Formalin
141	The law of segregaton was propounded by	Mendel
142	Auriscope is used to detect	Ear disorders
143	The three states of matter are	Solid,liquid and gas
144	The scientific name for blood platelets is	Thrombocytes
145	The response of a plant to heat is called	Thermotropism
146	The response of a plant to touch is called	Trigmotropism
147	The symbol Zr stands for	Zirconium
148	Nickel was discovered by	Cronstledt
149	Manganese was discovered by	Gahn
150	The common name for pottasium carbonate is	Potash
151	Bismuth was discovered by	Valentine
152	The biggest plant seed is	Cocodemer
153	Toxicology is the study of	Poisons
154	Virology is the study of	Viruses
155	Paleontology is the study of	Fossils
156	Calorimeter is used to measure	Quantity of heat
157	Chronometer was invented by	John Harrison
158	Stethoscope was invented by	William Stockes
159	Spinning frame was invented by	Sir Richard Arkwright
160	Al stands for	Aluminium
161	Gd stands for	Gadolinium
162	Ir stands for	Iridium
163	Bi stands for	Bismuth
164	The Chemical formula of sodium bicarbonate is	NaHCO3
165	The chemical formula of common salt is	Nacl
166	The chemical formula of washing soda is	Na2CO3,IOH2O
167	The chemical formula of lime soda is	CaCO3
168	The chemical formula of chloroform is	CHcl3
169	The study of grasses is known as	Agrostology
170	The study of antiquities is known as	Archaeology
171	The study of the duration of life is known as	Chronobiology
172	The study of bacteria is known as	Bacteriology
173	Nylon was invented by	Dr.Wallace H.Carothers
174	Electric razor was invented by	Jacob Schick
175	The symbol of silver is	Ag
176	The symbol of silicon is	Si
177	The symbol of titanium is	Ti
178	Calcium oxide is commonly known as	Quick lime
179	A deviation of light passing from one medium to another is known as	Refraction
180	An apparatus for generation of atomic energy is called a	Reactor
181	A machine used for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a	Generator
182	The first Indian woman in space was	Kalpana Chawla
183	The revolver was invented by	Samuel Colt
184	The refrigerator was invented by	J.Perkins

GK For State Public Service Examinations

1.Which among the following is the capital of west Sikkim?
(A)Gyalshing
(B) Gangtok
(C)Mangan
(D)Namchi
(E)Pelling

2.Which among the following is also called as 'Fenny capital' of Goa. ?
(A)Bardez
(B)Sattari
(C)Ponda
(D)Mapusa
(E)Mormugao

3.Who among the following was the Premier of Madras Presidency at the time of India's Independence?
(A)P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja
(B)O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar
(C)Tanguturi Prakasam
(D)Kala Venkata Rao
(E)Kumarasami Kamaraj

4.Which among the following regional political parties in India has the Party logo of two leaves?
(A)DMK (Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam)
(B)AIADMK (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam )
(C)MDMK (Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam )
(D)PMK (Pattali Makkal Katchi)
(E)None of them

5.Which among the following organizations occupies the Centre William Rappard building in Geneva, Switzerland?
(A)International Labour Organization
(B)World Trade Organization
(C)UNESCO
(D)World Health Organization
(E)None of the above

6.Rourkela in Orissa is known as Ispat Nagari also. It is third largest city of Orissa, known for one of the largest steel plants of the Steel Authority of India Limited and also National Institute of Technology. As per some etymologists, the name Rourkela is derived from Ruhr valley which is also rich in minerals particularly iron. Where is located this Ruhr Valley?
(A)France
(B)Russia
(C)China
(D)Germany
(E)Italy

7.In context with the share markets in India, which among the following denotes the current practice of Rolling Settlementsas mandated by SEBI?
(A)T+1
(B)T+2
(C)T+3
(D)T+4
(E)T+5

8.Who among the following is known for preparing the draft of Quit India Resolution?
(A)Sardar Patel
(B)Jawahar lal Nehru
(C)Acharya Kriplani
(D)P Sitarammaiya
(E)None of them

9.Which among the following is not located in Rajasthan?
(A)Karni Mata temple.
(B)Eklingji
(C)Junagarh Fort
(D)Narwar Fort
(E)Vijay Stambh

10.Ultrasound which is upper limit of human hearing is characterized by which of the following frequencies?
(A)Above 20 KHz
(B)Above 2 KHz
(C)Above 200 KHz
(D)Below 20 KHz
(E)Below 2 KHz

11.In which year the Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Resources was changed into Ministry of New & Renewable Energy ?
(A)2002
(B)2003
(C)2005
(D)2006
(E)2007

12.In context with Indian Freedom Movement , which of the following took place on June 14, 1945?
(A)Cabinet Mission Plan put forth
(B)Wavell Plan Put forth
(C)Lord Mountbatten Plan put forth
(D)Interim Government set up
(E)None of them above

13.In which of the following states of India , a festival called Chapchar Kut is celebrated in March ?
(A)Assam
(B)Mizoram
(C)Karnataka
(D)Sikkim
(E)Jammu & Kashmir

14.How many parts are of other metals in a 17 carat Gold?
(A)3
(B)4
(C)5
(D)6
(E)7

15.Who among the following is the current Supreme Commander of Iranian armed forces?
(A)Ayatollah Salehi
(B)Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
(C) Ayatollah Ali Khamenei
(D)Mohammad Ali Jafari
(E)Mohammad-Reza Rahimi

16.What is the current number of Rajya sabha members in India belonging to Indian National Congress?
(A)83
(B)78
(C)71
(D)67
(E)63

17.What is the name of the Upper House of the European Union?
(A)European Parliament
(B)Council of the European Union
(C)European Assembly
(D)General Council of Europe
(E)European House of People

18.Which of the following countries Lower House is called Gyelyong Tshogdu?
(A)Bhutan
(B)Myanmar
(C)Thailand
(D)Cambodia
(E)None of them

19.Which of the following countries National Animal is Siberian Tiger ?
(A)Russia
(B)China
(C)North Korea
(D)Japan
(E)South Korea

20.Who among the following musicians of Sri lanka is known to compose Sri Lankan national anthem "Sri Lanka Matha" and is considered the father of artistic Sinhala music, and founder of the modern geeta sahitya?
(A)Edward Jayakody
(B)Dushyanth Weeraman
(C)Manickam Yogeswaran
(D)Ananda Samarakoon
(E)R. A. Chandrasena